Can AI negotiate convincingly with humans in diplomacy ?
Cast your vote — then read what our editor and the AI models found.
Meta's Cicero combined an LLM with strategic reasoning to play Diplomacy at human-expert level — including coalition building, lying, and persuasion via natural language.
AI systems have made significant progress in playing complex strategy games like Diplomacy, but negotiating convincingly with humans remains a challenging task. Current AI models can generate human-like text and make strategic decisions, but they often struggle to understand the nuances of human communication and build trust with their opponents. While AI players can be effective in certain situations, they may not be able to replicate the complexity and empathy of human negotiations. As a result, human players may still have an edge in Diplomacy games that require convincing negotiation skills.
— Enriched May 9, 2026 · Source: Harvard Business Review — https://hbr.org
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